Only Particles with Spin ≤ 2 Are Mediators for Fundamental Forces: Why?
نویسنده
چکیده
According to modern physics, the mediators for all the fundamental forces of nature have spin S ≤ 2: photon for electrodynamics (S = 1), gluons for strong interactions (S = 1), bosons for the weak force (S = 1) and gravitons for the gravitational force (S = 2). Why? We show that the demand that the equations of a fundamental field are consistent in the classical limit (when quantum effects are negligible and the only sources of all the fields are classical point particles) leads to S ≤ 2. So this consistency demand explains the above observation. This result also leads to a qualitative conclusion that all the phenomena related to fields and particles of spin > 2 are purely quantum effects, and thus their intensity is much smaller than of fields and particles with S ≤ 2. This explains why the most stable and widely spread elementary particles are of spin ≤ 2 and why, in spite of the theoretical possibility that the torsion field (of spin 3) can also be responsible for gravitation, it has not yet been experimentally observed.
منابع مشابه
] 2 6 A pr 1 99 9 Supersymmetry : A new organizing principle for the microworld ? ∗
A glorious achievement of twentieth century Physics is the identification of the building blocks of nature. A related triumph a deep understanding of the forces of interaction. In particular, it has been possible to understand the four fundamental forces of nature in an elegant and unified mathematical framework. The paradigm for this unification has been the principle of gauge symmetry. A new ...
متن کاملGauge Unification of Basic Forces, Particularly of Gravitation with Strong Interactions
The presently accessible range of physical phenomena appears to be governed by the four familiar types of basic forces, mediated either by spin-one or spin-two quanta (TABLE 1). The spins of the mediating quanta, spin-one for weak, electromagnetic (EM), and strong forces, and spin-two for strong and gravitational forces, appear to correspond to two of the deepest and most elegant theoretical st...
متن کاملSpecial collision dynamics of massless fermions leading to confinement
This is a theory for the fundamental structure of nature based on spinors as unique building blocks. Confinement of the spinors in particles is due uniquely to the dynamics of the collisions between them. The interaction operator contains only spin and momentum operators. The eigenfunctions of the interaction operator have negative as well as positive eigenvalues, limited in magnitude to the Pl...
متن کاملOn the Relativistic Quantum Force
In the extension of the de-Broglie–Bohm causal quantum theory of motion to the relativistic particles, one faces with serious problems, like the problem of superluminal motion. This forces many authors to believe that there is not any satisfactory causal theory for particles of integer spin. In this paper, it is shown that the quantal behaviour is the result of direct-particle-interaction of th...
متن کاملLattice Gauge Theory
Supercomputers have recently become a crucial tool for the quantum field the-orist. Applied to the formalism of lattice gauge theory, numerical simulations are providing fundamental quantitative information about the interactions of quarks, the fundamental constituents of those particles which experience nuclear interactions. Perhaps most strikingly, these simulations have provided convincing e...
متن کامل